How to Tell RS232, RS485, Modbus and HART Apart: Understanding Electrical Interfaces and Data Rules in Layers
Separate serial electrical interfaces from message protocols and HART loop communication. Verify wiring, framing and register interpretation before choosing a converter.
How a Modbus Communication Gateway Works: RTU to TCP Conversion, Address Mapping, and Timeout Troubleshooting
Follow Modbus RTU/TCP conversion through request mapping, serial scheduling and reply matching. Separate transport reachability from valid device responses and timeouts.
