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How to Connect Modbus RTU Devices to Modbus TCP with a Serial Server
Connect Modbus RTU devices through a gateway that supports protocol conversion. Verify serial settings, unit IDs, register reads, timeouts and TCP connectivity.

QinQ packaging and finalization details
Understand why QinQ adds an outer VLAN tag to customer traffic and how it separates branch networks that reuse VLAN IDs across a provider network.

